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";s:4:"text";s:5722:"The GRU textbook cites U.S. efforts to convince the world that the Soviet Union shot down Korean Airlines Flight 007 in 1983 in cold blood as an example of this approach. While the French prefer catchy ideas, emotional expressions and loud words.". Then there is gray propaganda, defined as information that has no obvious source, and uses a mix of proven and unproven facts to promote a favorable narrative or trick the enemy into believing one thing over another. Under such circumstances they develop and conduct propaganda and/or ideological campaigns to assure national security and in extreme cases to bolster the current political establishment. They may be part of the regular Armed Forces or special services. Russia's military also is using what the report describes as "indirect action" to achieve strategic objectives, such as in the Ukraine. By focusing psychological operations on altering the targeted population’s attitudes and values, and by continuous flow of surreptitiously couched conflicting ideas and their manipulation and distortions, the KGB operatives were convinced that they could successfully bringing communists to power without that use of direct military force. John Maxwell Hamilton in an article on World War I in the Washington Post notes that the British were pioneers regarding information control and manipulation. It is sold and bought by the value it represents. After all, they argued, the military already has the means to do what it wants, and existing Russian propaganda outlets and troll factories do the disinformation job just fine. Black technology warfare is simply covert operations conducted primarily by military or government secret services and in some instances by hired private organizations with concealed identities. Col. Liam Collins is the director of the Modern War Institute. “We knew what we were doing was wrong, but the ultimate truth was on our side, so it was something we just had to do.”. Most developed countries have initiated information warfare units ready for deployment as the need arises. It aims to weaken or destroy an opponent’s political, social, or societal will, and force a course of action favorable to the initiating country’s interests. These services may be deployed in peacetime against external targets and at times even against their own citizens. Michael Waller, an information warfare expert, said the report is a very important contribution to the public debate about Russian information operations. For example, some false information is provided to some minor publication as a news item. In a market-based economy, information is a commodity. Targets include the Russian population, foreign political elites, and "the West writ large," the report said. "This is a vital development in American military intelligence analysis," he said. "Russia views the information sphere as a key domain for modern military conflict," the report said. The Russian operations are aimed at shaping and manipulating the perceptions and behavior of foreign audiences. Nevertheless, the funding party has some say on the direction and scope of the presented information. psychological pressure, and destruction of enemy computer capabilities.” 9 Taken together, this forms “a whole of systems, methods, and tasks to influence the perception and behavior of the enemy, population, and international community on all levels.”10 Russia sees superiority in this broad application of information warfare Psychological techniques employed go mostly undetected. "The Russian military has built on the military doctrine, structure, and capabilities of the former Soviet Union, and although still dependent on many of the older Soviet platforms, the Russians have modernized their military strategy, doctrine, and tactics to include use of asymmetric weapons like cyber and indirect action such as was observed in Ukraine," the report concludes. "These new techniques involve compromising networks for intelligence information that could be used to embarrass, discredit, or falsify information," the report said. The nature of psychological warfare depends on whether the state is totalitarian, authoritative, or democratic. “The Russian military already has psychological operations units, but they are all useless. "This phase involved the actual seizure of facilities and infrastructure by these covered units, along with the use of local agents, sympathizers, and irregular forces in the vicinity to cause unrest and subversion, all of which are distinct hallmarks or evolutions of Soviet-era Spetsnaz wartime operations," the report said. The use of cyber-enabled operations is one of Russia's news information warfare tools. "Russia continues to emphasize electronic warfare and other information warfare capabilities, including denial and deception as part of its approach to all aspects of warfare," the report said. As a result, new-generation wars are to be dominated by information and psychological warfare, in order to achieve superiority in troops and weapons control, morally and psychologically depressing the enemy’s armed forces personnel and civil population. Countries at war created special and often secret psychological operations units, and extensive use of radio and other means of communication to deceive or mislead their enemies. Bookmark the permalink. Not so this time around. This multiplier effect exponentially increases the number of persons exposed and impacted by the disinformation. For example, Moscow intends to engage in "information confrontation" that includes targeting all aspects of a society—diplomatic, economic, military, political, cultural, social, and religious information arenas. 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